Wari Civilization
Wari civilization was a pre-Columbian civilization that developed in the central Andes of present-day Peru, from around 600 to 1000 AD. The Wari culture is notable for its monumental architecture, including large urban centers and expansive terraced landscapes, as well as its sophisticated ceramics and metalwork, Wari civilization is believed to have been the first empire in the Andean region, predating the Inca Empire by several centuries. The Wari empire extended its influence over a wide area, spanning present-day Peru and parts of Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina, The Wari civilization is known for its impressive architectural achievements, including the construction of large urban centers such as the capital city of Wari, located in the modern-day region of Ayacucho. The city featured a complex network of roads and canals, as well as a variety of monumental structures, including plazas, palaces, and temples, Wari ceramics were also highly developed, with a wide range of styles and techniques. The Wari people were skilled in the production of a wide range of ceramic vessels, including bottles, jars, and bowls, as well as figurines and other decorative objects. Wari metalwork was also highly advanced, with sophisticated techniques for the production of gold and silver objects, including jewelry and ritual items, The Wari civilization was characterized by a complex social hierarchy, with a powerful ruling class and a large population of farmers and artisans. The Wari empire was also known for its military prowess, with a well-organized and well-equipped army, despite its impressive achievements, the Wari civilization ultimately collapsed around 1000 AD. The reasons for the collapse of Wari are not well understood, but it is believed to have been the result of a combination of factors, including environmental degradation, political instability, and invasion by neighboring cultures.